Whether it' s to fuel your late-night study session, or trying to stay alert on the job, energy drinks are very popular with 76% of young adults consuming them.
不管是为你的深夜学习提供动力，还是使你保持工作上的警惕，功能饮料都备受欢迎。有大概76%的年轻人有喝功能饮料的习惯。
But what would happen if you only drank energy drinks?
但如果你只喝功能饮料的话会怎么样呢？
One sip and the feel-good effect is almost immediate.
只需要一口，让你感觉良好的效果几乎是立竿见影的。
When the sugar molecules hit your taste buds, it triggers your brain to release dopamine, the hormone responsible for feelings of happiness and well-being.
当糖分子碰撞你的味蕾，它会使你的大脑释放多巴胺。这是使你感到幸福和快乐的荷尔蒙。
This makes sense, considering the sugar content of one can ranges from two teaspoons to a whopping 14 teaspoons per serving depending on the brand.
这就很容易理解了，根据不同品牌，一瓶饮料中的含糖范围大概是2茶匙到14茶匙不等。
Within 10 minutes, both your heart rate and blood pressure increase in response to adrenaline release caused by the introduction of caffeine into your body.
十分钟内，由于肾上腺素的释放，你的心率和血压会因此上升。这都是进入你身体里的咖啡因所导致的。
How much caffeine? As high as 242 mg per serving.
有多少咖啡因？每杯功能饮料含有242毫克。
To compare, a serving of brewed coffee contains 95 to 165 mg of caffeine, brewed black tea contains 25 to 38 mg, and a bottle of Coke contains 34 mg of caffeine.
相比之下，一份煮好的咖啡含有95到165毫克的咖啡因。一份煮好的红茶含有25到38毫克，而一罐可口可乐则含有34毫克。
But unlike soda, coffee, and tea, energy drinks add in guarana extract.
但不像碳酸饮料，咖啡和茶，功能饮料加入的是瓜拉纳提取物。
The guarana plant which is native to South America produces seeds which are about the same size as a coffee bean, but yields twice the caffeine content.
瓜拉纳植物原产于南美洲，产出的种子和咖啡豆的大小差不多，但却有两倍的咖啡因含量。
Spread out over a day 400mg of caffeine appears to be safe, but having more than 200mg in a single sitting can lead to caffeine intoxication.
每天摄入400毫克的咖啡因似乎是安全的，但是一次摄入超过200毫克的咖啡因会导致咖啡因中毒。
In 2011, it is estimated that nearly 20, 000 visits to the emergency room in the United States were directly related to the effects of energy drink consumption.
据估计，2011年美国有将近两万人被送到急症室，都是与能量饮料的消耗带来的影响有直接关系。
Most of these visits involved those between the ages of 18 to 25, and the second-largest age group being 26 to 39 years old.
这些病人的年龄大部分是18到25岁，第二大年龄群体则是26到39岁。
So if you started subbing your 8 glasses of water for equivalent amounts of energy drinks, the constant increases in heart rate and blood pressure might lead to an increased risk of developing a bunch of cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension or high blood pressure.
所以如果你开始把每天8杯水替换为等量的能量饮料，就会导致心率和血压的持续升高，这可能会增加患一系列心血管疾病的风险，包括高血压或高血压。
An observational study reviewed 7 years of data from calls to Australian poison information center.
一项观察性研究回顾了澳大利亚中毒信息中心7年来的电话记录。
Of the 297 calls analyzed the most common symptoms of caffeine toxicity, included palpitations, agitation, tremor, and gastrointestinal upset.
在297个电话中，工作人员分析出了咖啡因中毒最常见的几个症状，包括心悸、烦躁、震颤和肠胃不适。
Twenty-one cases had signs of serious cardiac or neurological toxicity, including hallucinations, seizures, arrhythmias or cardiac ischemia, and at least 128 subjects required hospitalization.
21例出现严重的心脏病或神经毒性症状，包括幻觉、癫痫、心律失常或心肌缺血，至少128例需要住院治疗。
A cup of black coffee has fewer than 5 calories, but the high sugar content of energy drinks means a calorie count of about 850 calories in 8 cups of Red Bull.
一杯黑咖啡的热量少于5卡路里，但是能量饮料的高含糖量，意味着在8杯红牛的卡路里含量约为850。
This increase your risk for obesity and developing type 2 diabetes.
这就增加了你患肥胖症和2型糖尿病的风险。
But some of the risks are unpredictable, such as a 26 year old man who drank at least two cans of energy drinks daily for a decade.
但是有些风险是不可预测的，比如一个26岁的人，十年来他每天至少喝两罐功能饮料。
With no prior significant health issues, he had a seizure and fell into a three-day coma.
此前没有任何严重的健康问题，但是某一天他突发癫痫，昏迷了三天。
Doctors ultimately attributed this to chronic sleep deprivation and over-consumption of caffeine.
医生最终解释为长期睡眠不足和过度摄入咖啡因。
Overall, energy drinks are relatively safe for infrequent consumption, but you may not want to drink them on a regular basis.
总的来说，不经常喝能量饮料来是相对安全的，但是可能你也并不想定期喝它们。
