英语里的4个“花费”：cost,pay,spend,take
我们可以从4个角度来辨析记住这4个动词：
1.动词的过去式和过去分词;
2.主语是sb.（某人）还是sth.（某物）；
3.花的是时间还是金钱；
4.基本句型结构。
一、cost-cost-cost,主语是某物或某种活动，主要用于花“金钱”，也可于消耗“时间”。cost不能用于被动语态。常见用法如下：
1.sth. costs ( sb.) + 金钱. 某物花了（某人）多少钱？
A new car costs a lot of money.
买一台新车要花费一大笔钱。
2.(doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间.
某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。
注意：此时cost 的用法跟take一样，更常用take的句型----- (doing) sth. takes (sb.) +时间.
Remember these words cost him much time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些单词。
二、pay-paid-paid,主语是sb.,强调支付（钱），基本用法如下：
1.pay +金钱+for sth. 付钱买某物
I have to pay 20 pounds for this room.
我得付20英镑的房租。
2.pay for sth. 付……的钱
I have to pay for the lost book.
我得赔偿丢失的书。
3.pay for sb. 替某人付款
Don’t worry, I’ll pay for you.
别担心，我会替你付钱的。
4.pay sb. (+金钱) 付钱给某人
They pay us every week.
他们每周给我们报酬。
5.pay off sb’s money 还清钱
He has paid off my money.
他已经把我的钱还清了。
三、spend-spent- spent,主语是sb.，既可花“时间”，也可花“金钱”，基本用法如下：
1.spend +时间/金钱+ on sth. 在……上花费时间/金钱
Tony spends 2 hours on his homework every day.
Tony每天要花费两小时做作业。
2.spend + 时间/金钱+ （in）doing sth.此时介词in可要可不要。
花费时间/金钱做某事
He spent 4500 yuan in buying the big color TV set.
他花了4500元买了那台大彩色电视机。
3.spend +金钱+ for sth.
He spent the money for books.
他花那笔钱买书。
四、take-took-taken,后面常跟双宾语，主语是sth.,通常用形式主语it,主要强调花费“时间”，常见用法如下：
1.It takes sb. +时间+ to do sth. 其中it是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语。
做某事花费某人多少时间。
It took them 3 years to build the park.
他们用了三年时间修建这座公园。
2.doing sth. takes sb.+时间. 做某事花费某人多少时间。
Playing basketball took him 2 hours.
他花了两个小时打篮球。
注意：只有人（sb.）才能P（pay）S（spend）
中考易错题，一次性搞清楚，来一题灭一题：
- Mr.Li always_____weekends playing with his children.
A. pays B. costs
C. spends D. takes
2. It____her an hour to exercise every day.
A. costs B. spends C. pays D. takes
3. The students_____all day in the park.
A. spent B. cost
C. took D. paid
4. The hair clip______$35, but she has only $20 to_____.
A. spends, spend
B.takes,spend
C.costs, spend
D. costs, pay
5. The apples are $10 and the oranges are $8. So you need_____$18 for them.
A. take B. pay
C. spend D. cost
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